AUTHORSHIP PATTERNS AND COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH OF ONCOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUT IN INDIA: A SCIENTOMETRICS STUDY

The paper analysis authorship patterns and collaborative research of oncology research in Indiaas reflected by the research papers listed in Web of Science database for a period of 11 years from 2005-2015. The increased trend towards multiple authorship is predominant as compare to single authorship in case of oncology in India.In the study, the degree of collaboration was not a constant value, it reveals varies of 0.03 to 0.16 percent and the mean quality as 0.09. The analysis found that single author papers maintained a low profile among oncology research scientists and the multi authorship pattern is expanding slowly in Indian oncology research.


INTRODUCTION
One of the preeminent fundamental requirements for advancement in medical and scholarly vocations is the authorship of scientific papers.Collaborative authorship has been a trademark highlight of the present day medical science and there has been a predictable pattern towards expanded collaboration in all the branches of sciences. Multiple authorship and cooperation are among the most critical necessities of exploratory and innovative work today.
A percentage of the writings are evaluated by the authors before conducting the present study.By observing the authorship patterns to be measurably essentially connected with publication in high ranking journals. Consideration of professors, research scholars, and scientists as authors, specifically, were all emphatically connected with publication in high ranking journals.SudhierPillai,K G (2007) have describedThe study revealed that team research is predominant in journal articles while solo research is the trend in the case of books Elango and Rajendran (2012)briefed information that multi authored contributions are dominated in the field of marine sciences. Average collaboration rate (0.57) is better collaboration and mean number of authors per joint authored paper is 3.4. Andras Pinter (2013) examined the authorship patterns in the articles published in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery (JPS) and found that thepercentage of papers with less than 3 authors significantly declined, whereas those with 4 to 5 authors did not change. Manuscripts with more than 6 authors significantly increased. Pallab Pradhan et al. (2013) studied the authorship Pattern and Degree of Collaboration in Indian Chemistry Literature. The study found that the researchers in chemistry are keen towards team research or group research rather than solo research. Goyal et al. (2013) have analyzed the tendency in the direction of collaborative research is seen steady during 2002-2011 in the field of Chemical Sciences. Outcome of study clearly show that authorship trend is moving on the way to multiple authorship and degree of collaboration is found to be high. Michael et al. (2014) examined the enrichment of co-authorship patterns with author scientific profiles helps uncover associations between author team characteristics and appearance in high-impact journals. Navaneethakrishnan (2014) the analysis revealed that the majority of the publications are contributed by multiple authors. Degree of collaboration was progressively increased over the study span. Neena Kapoor et al. (2014) has described the study demonstrates that the average number of authors per publication dramatically increased from 1980 to 2013 in major radiology journals. Chandran and Natarajan (2015) have briefed the highest number of contributions were multi authored papers. It is found that that the degree of collaboration ranges from 0.36 to 0.77 and the average degree of collaboration is 0.59(9). Mehmet Ali Koseoglu (2016) indicated, the authorship pattern of the SMJ shows multi-authored articles dominated solo work, and this domination increased over the past periods; however, the growth of multi-authored articles is limited to papers with two or three authors. Senthilkumar and Muthukrishnan (2016) the analysis revealed that the more research papers are being contributed under multiple authorship.
Here, the author has made an attempt to study the authorship pattern, collaborative researchand country of the corresponding author on oncology literature published during the period 2005-2015 and indexed in web of science database.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study are brief as follows:  To study the year wise distribution of oncology research output in India.  To study authorship pattern in oncology literature  To study the year wise single and multiauthored Papers  To study the degree of collaboration in the field of oncology  To study the time series analysisin the field of oncology

DATA ANALYSIS
Data was downloaded on 02 nd May 2016 for a period of eleven years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) from the Web of Science (WoS) of the Thomson Reuters, USA.The search keyword has 'oncology' has been used for the purpose of collection of data. The size of the sample downloaded for the purpose is 10574. The downloaded records was enriched with different parameters like authors, title, years, research institutions, document type and so on. Further the records analyzed by using Histcite and bibexcel software application.

Graph 1. Year Wise Distribution of Publications
Here, an effort was made to analyzefor the period of eleven years from 2005-2015. Table-1

AUTHORSHIP PATTERNS
The below table 1 reveals that a total of 61207 authors have contributed the 10574 articles and the average number of authors per article observed to be 5.79. Among 10574 articles, 595(5.63%) articles are written by single author and 9979 (94.37%) articles are written by multiple authors.
Four authored articles involved highest percentage 1610 (15.23%), after Five authored articles 1446(13.68%) of the aggregate 10574 articles and six to Twelve authored contributions are between 13 to 1 percent. Above Twelve authored contributions are below one percent of articles.
In this manner, showing unmistakably the increased trend towards multiple authorship is predominant as compare to single authorship in case of oncology in India. The above graph demonstrates that the diminishing patterns in the quantity of authors as far as group or team research with respect to more than six authors. Graph 2. Presenting the authorship pattern in oncology research output

DEGREE OF AUTHOR'S COLLABORATION
The degree of collaboration varies from one discipline to another. It is generally high in the intensely collaborative scientific and technical fields, but low in the humanities. The formula given by K Subramanyam (Subramanyam, 1983) is useful for determining the degree of collaboration in quantitative terms. The mathematical deduction of the formula is

= +
Where, C = Degree of collaboration in a discipline Nm = number of multi-authored papers in the discipline Ns = number of single-authored papers in the discipline The Table4 speaks to the year wise number of multiauthored articles and their degree ofcollaboration. In the study, the degree of collaboration was not a constant value, it reveals varies of 0.03 to 0.16percent and the mean quality as 0.09.The analysis found that single author papers maintained a low profile among oncology research scientists and the multi authorship pattern is expanding slowly in Indian oncology research.

S.No.
Year   On the utilization of the formula of Time Series Analysis for the expectation of oncology research output in India for the year 2020, it was found that the future trend and development in oncology research literature output may take an expanding trend in single authored publications (Yc = 93.51)during the years to come and collaborative publications trends also increasing gradually (Yc = 2367.27).

CONCLUSION
In this study directs an authorship patterns towards collaborative research is seen reliable during 2005-2015 in the field of oncologyresearch output in India.The study exposes the following conclusions.
 The increased trend towards multiple authorship is predominant as compare to single authorship in case of oncology in India.In the study, the degree of collaboration was not a constant value, it reveals varies of 0.03 to 0.16 percent and the mean quality as 0.09.
 The analysis found that single author papers maintained a low profile among oncology research scientists and the multi authorship pattern is expanding slowly in Indian oncology research.
Time Series Analysis for the expectation of oncology research output in India for the year 2020, it was found that the future trend and development in oncology research literature output may take a positive growth trend.