Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of cleome gynandra l. and assess its anticancer activity against in vitro cancer model

Abstract

Cleome gynandra Linn. is the native herb distributed at tropical and sub-tropical temperature. In this study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the ethanolic extract of Cleome gynandra leaves were investigated also the anti-cancer activity was assessed against A549 lung cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl  free radical scavenging activity. The IC₅₀ value of DPPH was ranged from 65.67 µg/ml for the leaf extract. The anti-microbial activity was showed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salomonella typhi. The cytotoxic study was conducted and the results exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against A549 lung cancer cell line as concentration dependent manner. The cytotoxic activity of the leaf extract was supported by the induction of apoptosis cell. The other assays to evaluate anticancer activity are DAPI (4,6 – diamminodino-2-phenylindole), PI (propidium iodide) and EtBr/AO (Ethidium bromide/acridine orange) staining methods. All the study results revealed the efficient anticancer activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Cleome gynandra leaves. Thus, the herbal drug treatment might highly be recommended to treat effectively lung cancer cell line as an ideal choice or combinational therapy.